The IGAD region is endowed with various ecosystems that provide varied services and habitats for a wide range of species, including mammals, reptiles and amphibians, diverse bird species and plants. The two biodiversity hotspots in the region are the Horn of Africa biodiversity hotspot and the Eastern Afro-montane biodiversity hotspot, characterised by high endemism.
Major challenges facing biodiversity include human population pressure, land use change, invasive species, climate change, limited technical and institutional capacities, insufficient data and monitoring, and conflict.
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